juxtaposition là gì

From Wikipedia, the không tính phí encyclopedia

Juxtaposition is an act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. This is often done in order vĩ đại compare/contrast the two, vĩ đại show similarities or differences, etc.

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Speech[edit]

Juxtaposition in literary terms is the showing contrast by concepts placed side by side. An example of juxtaposition are the quotes "Ask not what your country can vì thế for you; ask what you can vì thế for your country", and "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear vĩ đại negotiate", both by John F. Kennedy, who particularly liked juxtaposition as a rhetorical device.^[1] Jean Piaget specifically contrasts juxtaposition in various fields from syncretism, arguing that "juxtaposition and syncretism are in antithesis, syncretism being the predominance of the whole over the details, juxtaposition that of the details over the whole".^[2] Piaget writes:

In visual perception, juxtaposition is the absence of relations between details; syncretism is a vision of the whole which creates a vague but all-inclusive schema, supplanting the details. In verbal intelligence juxtaposition is the absence of relations between the various terms of a sentence; syncretism is the all-round understanding which makes the sentence into a whole. In logic juxtaposition leads vĩ đại an absence of implication and reciprocal justification between the successive judgments; syncretism creates a tendency vĩ đại bind everything together and vĩ đại justify by means of the most ingenious or the most facetious devices.^[2]

In grammar, juxtaposition refers vĩ đại the absence of linking elements in a group of words that are listed together. Thus, where English uses the conjunction and (e.g. mother and father), many languages use simple juxtaposition ("mother father"). In logic, juxtaposition is a logical fallacy on the part of the observer, where two items placed next vĩ đại each other imply a correlation, when none is actually claimed. For example, an illustration of a politician and Adolf Hitler on the same page would imply that the politician had a common ideology with Hitler. Similarly, saying "Hitler was in favor of gun control, and sánh are you" would have the same effect. This particular rhetorical device is common enough vĩ đại have its own name, Reductio ad Hitlerum.

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Mathematics[edit]

In algebra, multiplication involving variables is often written as a juxtaposition (e.g., for times or for five times ), also called implied multiplication.^[3] The notation can also be used for quantities that are surrounded by parentheses (e.g., or for five times two). This implicit usage of multiplication can cause ambiguity when the concatenated variables happen vĩ đại match the name of another variable, when a variable name in front of a parenthesis can be confused with a function name, or in the correct determination of the order of operations.

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In mathematics, juxtaposition of symbols is the adjacency of factors with the absence of an explicit operator in an expression, especially for commonly used for multiplication: denotes the product of with , or times . It is also used for scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, function composition, and logical and. In numeral systems, juxtaposition of digits has a specific meaning. In geometry, juxtaposition of names of points represents lines or line segments. In lambda calculus, juxtaposition denotes function application. In physics, juxtaposition is also used for "multiplication" of a numerical value and a physical quantity, and of two physical quantities, for example, three times would be written as and "area equals length times width" as .

Arts[edit]

Throughout the arts, juxtaposition of elements is used vĩ đại elicit a response within the audience's mind, such as creating meaning from the contrast. In music, it is an abrupt change of elements, and is a procedure of musical contrast. In film, the position of shots next vĩ đại one another (montage) is intended vĩ đại have this effect. In painting and photography, the juxtaposition of colours, shapes, etc, is used vĩ đại create contrast, while the position of particular kinds of objects one upon the other or different kinds of characters in proximity vĩ đại one another is intended vĩ đại evoke meaning.^[4] Various forms of juxtaposition occur in literature, where two images that are otherwise not commonly brought together appear side by side or structurally close together, thereby forcing the reader vĩ đại stop and reconsider the meaning of the text through the contrasting images, ideas, motifs, etc. For example, "He was slouched gracefully" is a juxtaposition. More broadly, an author can juxtapose contrasting types of characters, such as a hero and a rogue working together vĩ đại achieve a common objective from very different motivations.^[4]

See also[edit]

• Juxtaposed controls

References[edit]

External links[edit]

The dictionary definition of juxtaposition at Wiktionary